Major Breakthrough Against Rare Kidney Disease July 6, 2015 by Kylie Karley In recent news, there has been what could be a huge discovery regarding membranous nephropathy. MN is a rare kidney disease that falls under the umbrella term of “Nephrotic Syndrome.” At this point in time, there are still no successful, first-line treatments for this disease. Now, however, researchers have been able to identify the site at which antibodies bind to the kidney and cause damage in patients with MN. These findings were published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Researchers were able to create a three-dimensional model of the protein, known as PLA2R. PLA2R is a transmembrane glycoprotein, previously identified as the surface protein that allows antibodies to bind on to the kidney. By creating this 3-D model, researchers were able to narrow in and determine the specific area of the PLA2R protein that antibodies bind to. Furthermore, researchers found that small molecules, acting as competitive inhibitors, could block this site and prevent antibodies from actually attaching. So what does this mean? By knowing where antibodies bind to on the kidney, this open up new possibilities for MN treatments. There are two exciting methods that the article mentions. The first is removing antibodies from the PLA2R binding site once they are present, and the second is preventing antibodies from binding altogether. Ultimately, this article provides insight into a new path from which treatments, and even cures, for MN may come to fruition. To read more, visit: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150521091747.htm
A Call for More Specific Standards of Care July 6, 2015 by Kylie Karley From a new article, published by Nephrology News and Issues, comes a provocative call for more specific standards of care in nephrology. As of now, the standard of care for the majority of kidney-failure patients is to follow a similar treatment plan, regardless of the cause for their kidney failure. Yet, according to research conducted at Stanford University School of Medicine, this approach is not enough. In fact—it could even be dangerous. Researchers used data from over 84,000 patients, who between 1996 and 2011, suffered end-stage kidney disease due to one of six major glomerular disease types. The results were shocking. Mortality ranged all the way from 4% per year for patients with subtype, IgA nephropathy, to 16% per year for patients with subtype, vasculitis. Furthermore, patients with lupus nephritis were almost 2x as likely to die as those with IgA nephropathy. In other words, the specific type of glomerular disease determined how long a patient lived after developing kidney failure. As one researcher put it, “when you divide patients according to their glomerular disease subtype, you actually see a whole spectrum of outcomes (O’Shaughnessy).” And yet, the current standard of care is to follow a similar treatment plan for most kidney-failure patients, regardless of cause. “We showed that a patient’s cause of kidney failure is strongly associated with their risk of dying after starting dialysis or receiving a kidney transplant.” Thus, treatment can no longer be generalized and non-specific. Medical professionals cannot ignore the cause of kidney failure and proceed with treatment as though all kidney failures are one and the same. The cause of kidney failure cannot be forgotten. Rather, it should be the stepping point from which treatments are determined, and tailored toward disease-specific risks. More so, further research is necessary to determine why these survival disparities exit from one patient to the next. If medical professionals begin to take into consideration what caused the kidneys to fail in the first place, it could possibly improve the patient’s quality of life and even increase their life span following kidney-failure. To read more, visit: http://www.nephrologynews.com/study-shows-importance-of-cause-of-kidney-failure-when-planning-future-treatment/